,! ,EVOLU;N ( ,BRL3 #A ,C ! ,PA/ ,HELP ,PLAN ! ,FUTURE8 ,A ?REE-"P >TICLE F ! ,BRL ,AU?OR;Y ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ,"P #A ,9TRODUC;N ,BRL XF HAS BE5 9/RU;TAL 9 MAK+ POSSIBLE ! 9TEGRA;N ( BL P 9TO SOCIETY1 &1 9 TURN1 ? 9CR1S$ 9TEGRA;N HAS DRIV5 DEVELOP;TS 9 ! USE & PRODUC;N ( BRL4 ,! M 9TEGRAT$ T BL P H 2COME1 ! GRT] >E ! DEM&S PLAC$ ON S\RCES ( LIT]ACY4 ,>E ! LIT]ACY TOOLS KEEP+ UP8 ,! PURPOSE ( ? >TICLE IS TO ILLUM9ATE ! *ANGES 9 ! WAY BRL HAS BE5 PRODUC$ & US$ OV] ! PA/ #EJ YE>S & TO 4CUSS "S ( ! R1SONS = & IMPACT ( ^! *ANGES4 ,CLE>LY "! >E A NUMB] ( OV]>*+ & COMPLEX ISSUES T 9FLU;E ! T1*+1 LE>N+1 & USE ( BRL,-T1*] %ORTAGES1 T1*] COMPET5CY1 S]VICE DELIV]Y ME?ODS = BRL LE>N]S1 ! ROLE ( BRL 9 EMPLOY;T1 & M4 ,H["E1 ? >TICLE W FOCUS ON ! EVOLU;N ( ! #A COMMUNICA;N ME?ODS US$ BY BRL A#A R1D]S2 X W AL LOOK AT O!R EVOLU;NS T H O3URR$ S* Z H[ BL *N >E $UCAT$1 ! RANGE ( AVAILABLE TE*NOLOGIES1 & ! EVOLU;N ( BRL & PR9T4 ,? >TICLE IS DIVID$ 9TO ?REE "PS4 ,"P #A TRACES ! USE ( BRL Z A VIABLE R1D+ M$IUM F ! #AIFJS TO ! PRES5T & TAKES A CLOSE LOOK AT H[ PR9T HAS *ANG$ OV] ! SAME P]IOD4 ,"P #B 4CUSSES ! M TE*NICAL ASPECTS ( BRL TRANSLA;N1 *ALL5GES FAC$ BY CURR5T TRANSCRIB]S ( CURR5T CODES1 ! NE$ = A3URATE =W>D & BACKW>D TRANSLA;N ) ! L1/ AM.T ( HUMAN 9T]V5;N1 & ! IMPACT ( ! USE ( REFRE%ABLE BRL 4PLAYS4 ,"P #C 4CUSSES ! FUTURE2 X EXPLORES ! OP;NS = *ANGE & EXAM9ES ,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL "<,,UEB"> & ! ,NEME? ,UNI=M ,BRL ,SY/EM "<,,NUBS"> Z EXAMPLES ( CODE UNIFICA;N4 ,! DEVELOP;T ( BRL & ( XS USE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS A L;G & FASC9AT+ /ORY4 ,! HI/ORY IS WELL-DOCU;T$1 S X W N 2 REP1T$ "H4 ,? >TICLE W 2G9 ) A LOOK AT ! EVOLU;N ( BRL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 2G9N+ 9 ! #AIFJS4 ,F/1 H["E1 X MAY 2 HELP;L #B TO PROVIDE AN ANSW] TO A FREQU5TLY B#A ASK$ "Q3 8,PR9T DOES N *ANGE2 NUMB]S >E NUMB]S1 P>5!SES /AY ! SAME1 A DOLL> SIGN M1NS DOLL>S4 ,S :Y ALL ? T9K]+ ) \R BRL80 ,LET'S TAKE A QK T\R ( ! RELEVANT *ANGES T H O3URR$ 9 PR9T DUR+ ! LA/ #EJ YE>S4 --------------------------------------#B ,PR9T ,*ANGES ,9 ! E>LY #AIFJS1 PR9T WAS1 2LIEVE X OR N1 Q A DI6]5T ?+ F :AT X IS TD,-N ONLY 9 T]MS ( XS ME?ODS ( PRODUC;N & 4TRIBU;N1 B AL 9 ! WAY X LOOK$4 ,= />T]S1 9DIVIDUALS CD PRODUCE PR9T EI BY H&WRIT+ OR ) A ME*ANICAL OR ELECTRIC TYPEWRIT]4 ,PR9T PRODUC$ ON A TYPEWRIT] 0 V SYMMETRICAL ) R[S & COLUMNS ( "*S4 ,! PRIM>Y TOOL AVAILABLE = %[+ EMPHASIS 0 "UL9+4 ,9 #AIFA1 ! F/ ,,IBM ,SELECTRIC TYPEWRIT]S _H A ROTAT+ TYPEBALL T CD 2 *ANG$ 9 MID-DOCU;T1 ALL[+1 = ! F/ "T1 DI6]5T FONTS 9 ! SAME DOCU;T4 ,? M1NT T 9DIVIDUALS CD PRODUCE A DOCU;T ) BOLD OR ITALICIZ$ TEXT1 & !Y 2GAN TO D S ) #C AB&ON4 ,/1 SYMBOLS T CD 2 A#B REPRES5T$ BY TYP+ 7 LIMIT$4 ,IF "O WANT$ TO PLACE AN A35T M>K OV] A LR1 S* Z 9 ! ^W RESUM^/E1 X _H TO 2 D"O BY BACKSPAC+ OV] ! F9AL ;E & US+ AN EXTRA KEY/ROKE4 ,MULTIPLE COPIES CD ONLY 2 MADE US+ C>BON PAP] OR MIMEOGRAPH MA*9ES1 &1 IF A PR9T DOCU;T CD N 2 H& DELIV]$ TO XS 9T5D$ RECIPI5T1 X _H TO 2 S5T 9 ! MAIL4 ,COLOR & GRAPHICS CD ONLY 2 PRODUC$ BY PR(ES.NAL PR9T]S OR PUBLI%]S US+ EXP5SIVE & COMPLEX ME?ODS1 & !Y 7 N US$ 9 ! SAME WAY WE SEE TD4 ,CLASSROOM TEXTBOOKS 7 G5]ALLY FULL ( TEXT1 : 0 USUALLY M1NT TO 2 R1D /RAIIA;NS ( FONT & /YLE4 ,CR1TIV;Y AB.D$1 & P 7 3T9UALLY LOOK+ = WAYS TO MAKE ! PR9T APPE> 8M ATTRACTIVE0 TO R1D]S4 ,BY ! #AIIJS1 ! _W ( PR9T 0 EVOLV+ AT A TREM5D\S RATE4 ,) LAS] PR9T]S1 P]SONAL COMPUT] US]S 7 ABLE TO PR9T COMPLEX TEXT ) MULTIPLE "* SIZES & V>I\S FONTS & /YLES ON A PAGE4 ,X 0 EV5 POSSIBLE = A P]SON TO CR1TE AN 5TIRELY NEW PR9T "* IF ! CURR5T RANGE ( "*S DID N HAPP5 TO 9CLUDE :AT 0 NE$$4 ,P LIK$ :AT !Y SAW1 & ! VA/ V>IETIES ( POSSIBLE PR9T 3T9U$ TO EXP&4 ,COLOR PR9T 0 AT F/ Q EXP5SIVE = 9DIVIDUALS TO PRODUCE1 B 2CAME M ECONOMICAL ) ! 9TRODUC;N ( ! 9KJET PR9T]4 ,Z ! POSSIBILITIES H EXP&$1 ! 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ADVANTAGE ( 9CLUD+ HYP]L9KS1 DEF9I;NS1 L9KS TO ADDI;NAL 9=MA;N1 9T]ACTIVE #F GRAPHICS1 & M* M4 ,CLASSROOM A#C SETT+S 9 G5]AL >E M*1 M* M COMPUT]-BAS$4 ,G"O >E ! "DS ( A T1*] WRIT+ ON A *ALK BO>D,-! T1*+ DEMON/RA;NS1 ! ASSIGN;TS1 EV5 ! TE/S >E 9CR1S+LY 3DUCT$ 9 AN ONL9E =UM4 ,PR9T 3V5;NS H *ANG$4 ,= EXAMPLE1 "! >E N[ _M /YLES ( 5CLOSURE SYMBOLS L P>5!SES,-BRACKETS1 CURLY BRACES1 & ANGLE BRACKETS4 ,BULLET$ LI/S >E UBIQUIT\S4 ,*ANG+ TE*NOLOGY HAS MADE X EASI] TO *ANGE FONT1 COLOR1 & PR9T SIZE,-EV5 )9 ! SAME S5T;E,-& BR"\ NEW ^WS 9TO \R LANGUAGE1 SPELL$ 9 NEW WAYS ) CAPITAL LRS & P]IODS 9 ! MIDDLE ( ^WS4 ,PLUS SIGNS1 DOLL> SIGNS1 TRADEM>K & COPY"R SYMBOLS1 @A SIGNS /&+ = LRS1 "Q M>KS ) SPACES ON EI SIDE RUN RAMPANT1 N J "? TEXT MESSAGES1 B ALL "? "EY"D MAGAZ9ES & NEWSPAP]S4 ,BRL ,*ANGES ,2F ! #AIFJS1 BL *N 7 USUALLY $UCAT$ 9 COMPLETELY SEP>ATE SETT+S F SIY ( ,3GRESS4 ,$UCA;NAL MAT]IALS 7 BRLD MO/LY BY A FEW BRL PUBLI%+ H\SES1 US+ HUMAN BRL TRANSCRIB]S :O WROTE EA* & E ^W ( ! MAT]IAL 9TO BRL2 ! NUMB] ( TITLES T NE$$ TO 2 TRANSCRIB$ 0 LIMIT$ BY ! FACT T BL *N ATT5D$ ONLY A RELATIVELY FEW S*OOLS4 ,MO/ ( ! T1*]S :O "W$ ) BL /UD5TS KNEW H[ TO R1D BRL1 &1 "!=E1 CD COM=TABLY CR1TE BRL MAT]IALS & DID N NE$ TO RELY ON A PR9T COPY TO R1D ! /UD5TS' MAT]IALS4 ,PR9T PAGE NUMB]S 7 N G5]ALLY %[N 9 BRL BOOKS4 ,\TSIDE ( ! BRL PUBLI%+ H\SES OR S*OOLS = ! BL ) A3ESS TO BRL PRESSES1 TRANSCRIB]S CD ONLY PRODUCE BRL BY H&1 EI US+ A ,P]K9S BRLWRIT] OR A SLATE & /YLUS4 ,MULTIPLE COPIES ( A DOCU;T CD 2 PRODUC$ ONLY US+ A !RMO=M MA*9E1 : 0 AN EXP5SIVE & LABORI\S PROCESS4 --------------------------------------#D ,! LIT]>Y & ! MA!MATICS BRL CODES _H G5]ALLY BE5 DEVELOP$ & !N EVOLV$ ) AN EYE T[>D SAV+ SPACE2 = EXAMPLE1 9 #H ORD] TO USE FEW] CELLS1 ! P]C5T A#D SIGN & UNITS ( M1SURE;T S* Z 8CUP0 7 ALW BRLD 2F ! NUMB]1 REG>D.S ( ! ORD] 9 PR9T4 ,"P ( ! ROLE ( ! BRL TRANSCRIB] 0 TO MAKE ! 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"N ( COMMON COMPANIES S* Z ,AMAZON4COM4 ,9 ! #AIGJS1 BRL TRANSLA;N S(TW>E1 AL? / 9 XS 9FANCY1 />T$ TO 2COME M COMMON1 & BY ! E>LY #AIHJS1 BRL EMBOSS]S 7 2+ US$ BY L>G] ORGANIZA;NS4 ,TRANSCRIB]S CD EI USE SIX KEYS ON A REGUL> COMPUT] TO 5T] ! BRL BY H& OR !Y CD 9S]T SPECIAL CODES 9TO A PR9T DOCU;T TO PRODUCE ! PROP] =MATT+4 ,EMBOSS]S PROVID$ AN EASI] WAY TO MAKE MULTIPLE COPIES1 B /1 R1D+ BRL M1NT R1D+ H>D COPY4 ,ELECTRONIC BRL 4PLAYS _H />T$ TO >RIVE1 B !Y 7 MO/LY 9CORPORAT$ 9TO /&-AL"O PRODUCTS T #AC DID N 9T]FACE ) MA9/R1M DEVICES1 & C#E MO/ P DID N H A3ESS TO !M4 ,9 ! LATE #AIGJS & ! #AIHJS1 ! TYPEWRIT] & ! DICTA;N ME?OD 7 / ! PRIM>Y ME?ODS = A BL P]SON TO PRODUCE PR9T4 ,H["E1 9 ! ;,K-#AB $UCA;N SETT+1 ! BRL-R1D+ /UD5TS CD (T5 WRITE \ _! --------------------------------------#F ASSIGN;TS 9 BRL1 & !N ! SPECIAL $UCA;N T1*] OR TRANSCRIB] WD 89T]L9E0 ! BRL1 I4E41 WRITE PR9T ABV ! BRL S T ! CLASSROOM T1*] CD R1D X4 ,MO/ BL /UD5TS :O GREW UP DUR+ ? ]A N"E _H ! EXP]I;E ( 2+ ABLE TO R1D DIRECTLY-WRITT5 COMMUNICA;N F _! CLASSMATES "1 2C MO/ ( _! CLASSMATES 7 PR9T US]S :O DID N "K BRL4 ,9 ! LATE #AIHJS1 SPEE* \TPUT 2CAME POSSIBLE ON P]SONAL COMPUT]S1 B 0 F> F COMMONPLACE4 ,BL P ) A3ESS TO ? TE*NOLOGY CD *ECK & $IT _! [N TYP+ & CD %>E _! "W BY PR9T+ X \ ONTO PAP]4 ,"! 0 / NO WAY TO FILL \ =MS OR PAY BILLS )\T US+ A HUMAN R1D]1 & NO WAY TO %>E #AD DOCU;TS )\T PR9T+ !M F/4 A#F ,2G9N+ 9 ! #AIIJS1 ! FUR!R PROLIF]A;N ( ! P]SONAL COMPUT] & ! RISE ( ! ,9T]NET 2GAN *ANG+ ! 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NE$ TO EMBOSS ONTO PAP] OR H "S"O TRANSCRIBE X4 ,! V SAME FILES OR MESSAGES T SIE Q EXP5SIVE N[1 !Y >E 9 ! H&S ( M & M BRL R1D]S1 & "! IS NO D\BT T *1P] PRODUC;N ME?ODS W 2COME AVAILABLE4 ,) BRL 4PLAYS1 ANY NUMB] ( DAILY NEWSPAP]S C 2 R1D 9 BRL1 NO WAIT+ REQUIR$ & NO ELIM9A;N ( >TICLES 2C ( LIMIT$ SPACE 9 A BRL PUBLICA;N4 ,:5 SURF+ ! WEB ) A BRL 4PLAY1 BL P C CLICK ON A BRL CELL US+ A DEVICE1 & SOON "! IS ANO!R PAGE ( BRL4 ,H;E1 AN UNPREC$5T$ LEVEL ( A3ESS TO BOOKS ( ALL TYPES 9 BRL IS N[ #AF AVAILABLE4 ,! ,GUT5B]G ,LIBR>Y1 C#F ,WEB-,BRL1 & ,BOOK%>E H MADE T5S ( ?\S&S ( TITLES AVAILABLE ELECTRONICALLY1 & X IS N[ POSSIBLE TO R1D ^! BOOKS 9 BRL US+ --------------------------------------#G ! TE*NOLOGY AVAILABLE4 ,ADDI;NALLY1 Z OPTICAL "* RECOGNI;N TE*NOLOGY HAS IMPROV$ & ! PRICE ( SCANN]S HAS FALL51 AN ELECTRONIC V].N ( ANY PR9T BOOK IS )9 ! BRL R1D]'S GRASP EV5 IF X IS F\R O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+1 & "! IS NO PR9T R1D] = MILES6 ,! ,FUTURE IS ,N[ ,TD1 BL P C COMMUNICATE 9 WRIT+ ) CLASSMATES & CO-"W]S ) ! GRTE/ ( EASE VIA ;E-MAIL1 TEXT MESSAGE1 SOCIAL M$IA SITES1 OR BY SIMPLY PASS+ FILES BACK & =? US+ A HO/ ( ME?ODS4 ,! ME?OD ( WRIT+ IS N NE>LY Z TI$ TO ! ME?OD ( R1D+ Z X 0 9 ! PA/4 ,= 9/.E1 "S"O C TYPE AN ;E-MAIL US+ A DEVICE ) A REFRE%ABLE BRL 4PLAY1 & ! RECIPI5T C R1D X 9 PR9T ON 8 OR H] CELL PH"O SCRE51 PR9T X ONTO PAP]1 ETC4 ,LIKEWISE1 "S"O C USE A CELL PH"O #AG KEYPAD TO 5T] A TEXT MESSAGE1 &1 ) A#G ! "R TE*NOLOGY1 ! RECIPI5T C R1D X 9 BRL4 ,?1 ( C\RSE1 M1NS T BL /UD5TS C N[ PRODUCE ASSIGN;TS = _! T1*]S M 9DEP5D5TLY ?AN "E4 ,!Y C RCV ! H&\TS VIA ;E-MAIL OR WEB PAGE1 A3ESS !M DIRECTLY 9 BRL1 & SUBMIT ! ASSIGN;TS DIRECTLY1 AG VIA ;E-MAIL OR WEB PAGE4 ,BRL TRANSLA;N S(TW>E 9T]FACES WELL ) M & M MA9/R1M APPLICA;NS4 ,BRL EMBOSS]S1 N[ M WIDELY AVAILABLE1 C PRODUCE R1MS ( PAP] BRL4 ,2C ! EXI/+ TE*NOLOGY MAKES X POSSIBLE TO PRODUCE BRL M EASILY1 X IS (T5 US$ 9 CA%-/RAPP$ $UCA;N SETT+S BY P :O >E N NECESS>ILY "KL$G1BLE AB BRL XF4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! "W ( "KL$G1BLE TRANSCRIB]S1 / EXTREMELY IMPORTANT1 C 2 F> M E6ICI5T ) ! USE ( ? TE*NOLOGY4 ,TRANSLA;N S(TW>E & BRL EMBOSS]S1 COMB9$ ) ! ABIL;Y TO SCAN DOCU;TS & ! AVAILABIL;Y ( ELECTRONIC S\RCE FILES F PUBLI%]S1 HAS CR1T$ ! POT5TIAL TO GRTLY SPE$ ! TRANSCRIP;N ( BRL BOOKS4 ,TRANSCRIB]S >E N[ ABLE TO 9VE/ LESS "T 9 5T]+ TEXT & M "T 9 PREP>+ ! #AH PROP] /RUCTURE & =MAT BOOKS T W 2 B#G TRANSLAT$4 ,GRT] EASE ( BRL PRODUC;N CORRELATES POSITIVELY ) A GRT] AVAILABIL;Y ( BRL TEXTBOOKS1 EV5 9 HI<] $UCA;N4 ,?US1 ! /AGE IS SET = QK]1 *1P] BRL4 ,9CR1S$ TE*NOLOGY HAS AID$ BRL R1D]S 9 _! ME?ODS ( BRL PRODUC;N Z WELL4 ,2SS US+ A SLATE & /YLUS OR A BRL TYPEWRIT]1 BL P1 TOO1 C USE BRL TRANSLA;N S(TW>E ) A ,,PC TO CR1TE BRL = EMBOSS+4 ,REFRE%ABLE 4PLAY DEVICES ALL[ US]S TO TYPE EI 9 SIX-KEY ,P]K9S ,BRLR /YLE OR USE A ,,QW]TY KEYBO>D TO GET EI UNCONTRACT$ OR 3TRACT$ BRL4 ,R ?AN 2+ PAP]-BAS$1 BRL = "W & COMMUNICA;N IS N[ MO/LY ELECTRONIC-BAS$,-ORIG9AL DOCU;TS C 2 COPI$ 9F9ITELY1 MANIPULAT$1 & CU/OMIZ$4 ,! SAME FILE1 ) A FEW KEY/ROKES1 C R5D] A DOCU;T 9 UNCONTRACT$1 3TRACT$1 OR "PIALLY 3TRACT$ BRL2 ) PR9T --------------------------------------#H PAGE NUMB]S OR )\T !M2 ON N>R[ OR WIDE PAP]2 & ON PAP] OR ON A REFRE%ABLE #AI BRL 4PLAY4 A#H ,,BANA HAS 3T9U$ TO MAKE M9OR *ANGES TO ! BRL CODES F "T TO "T1 MO/ MOV+ BRL T[>D GRT] SIMIL>;Y ) PR9T4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! PLACE;T ( ! P]C5T SIGN & ITEMS ( M1SURE;T 0 *ANG$ TO FOLL[ PR9T1 & SYMBOLS S* Z ! COPY"R & TRADEM>K SYMBOL 7 ADD$4 ,^! *ANGES >E 9T5D$ TO GIVE ! BRL R1D] M A3URATE 9=MA;N AB :AT IS %[N 9 PR9T1 & TO GIVE ! TRANSCRIB] GRT] FRE$OM TO FOCUS M ON ISSUES ( =MATT+ ! MAT]IAL R ?AN ASSUR+ T EA* & E ^W IS R5D]$ CORRECTLY4 ,S9CE A HUMAN TRANSCRIB] IS N ALW "P ( ! EQUA;N1 X 2COMES 9CR1S+LY IMPORTANT = \R TRANSLA;N S(TW>E TO AT L1/ 2 ABLE TO R5D] ! ^WS & SYMBOLS CORRECTLY4 ,T NE$ FACTORS /R;GLY 9TO ! CODE *ANGES Z WELL & W 2COME AN 9CR1S+LY PRESS+ NECESS;Y Z PR9T 3T9UES TO EVOLVE4 ,S9CE XS 9V5;N 9 ! E>LY N9ETE5? C5TURY1 BRL HAS REMA9$ VITAL TO ! LIT]ACY ( P :O >E BL1 & X 3T9UES TO ?RIVE DESPITE ! PR$IC;NS ( "S TO ! 3TR>Y4 ,Z WE H SE51 H["E1 UNTIL ! #BJ LA/ #CJ YE>S1 P :O USE BRL _H B#H RELATIVELY LL DIRECT 9T]AC;N ) PR9T1 & R1D BRL T 0 DELIV]$ 9 A FAIRLY /&>D WAY4 ,N[1 BRL US]S G5]ALLY 9T]ACT DIRECTLY ) PR9T-ORIG9 MAT]IAL ON A R\T9E BASIS1 & ! B.D>IES 2T :AT IS 9 PR9T & :AT IS 9 BRL >E 2COM+ VIRTUALLY NONEXI/5T4 ,9 ADDI;N1 :ILE PR9T HAS "UG"O TREM5D\S *ANGES 9 APPE>.E1 DELIV]Y1 & 3V5;NS1 ! BRL CODE XF HAS *ANG$ RELATIVELY LL4 ,WE H PA9T$ A BIT ( A ROSY PICTURE "H AB :AT IS POSSIBLE 9 !ORY TD ) S M* A3ESS TO BRL4 ,H["E1 WE %D MAKE NO MI/AKE AB X4 ,"! >E GRT *ALL5GES Z WELL4 ,9 ! NEXT 9/ALL;T ( ? >TICLE1 WE W 4CUSS 9 M DETAIL ! "W+S ( ,,BANA2 "S ( ! *ALL5GES 9 TD'S BRL PRODUC;N VIA BRL 4PLAY1 TRANSLA;N S(TW>E1 & HUMAN TRANSCRIB]2 & ! R1SONS :Y MA9TA9+ ! /ATUS QUO 9 BRL CODE DEVELOP;T 9 ? C.TRY W N 2 A VIABLE OP;N = M* L;G] IF BRL IS TO KEEP UP ) \R *ANG+ WRITT5 LANGUAGE & REMA9 ! PRIM>Y TOOL = NONVISUAL LIT]ACY4 #BA ,"P #B #I ,"P "O ( ? >TICLE GAVE AN OV]VIEW ( ! VA/ *ANGES T H O3URR$ 9 BO? PR9T & BRL 9 ! LA/ FEW DECADES4 ,? 9/ALL;T PROVIDES BACKGR.D ON ! ,BRL ,AU?OR;Y ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA Z WELL Z A GLIMPSE 9TO XS DELIB]A;NS4 ,! >TICLE AL (F]S P]SPECTIVES ON ! *ALL5GES ( PRODUC+ BRL TD GIV5 CURR5T CODES & CURR5T PRODUC;N ME?ODS4 ,! ,"W+S ( ! ,BRL ,AU?OR;Y ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ,! MIS.N ( ! ,BRL ,AU?OR;Y ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA "<,,BANA"> IS TO ASSURE LIT]ACY = TACTILE R1D]S "? /&>DIZA;N ( BRL &_/OR TACTILE GRAPHICS4 ,,BANA'S PURPOSE IS TO PROMOTE & FACILITATE ! USE1 T1*+1 & PRODUC;N ( BRL4 ,X PUBLI%ES RULES1 9T]PRETS ^? RULES1 & R5D]S OP9IONS P]TA9+ TO BRL 9 ALL EXI/+ & FUTURE CODES4 ,X D1LS ) CODES N[ 9 EXI/;E OR TO 2 DEVELOP$ 9 ! FUTURE1 9 COLLABORA;N ) O!R C.TRIES US+ ,5GLI% BRL4 ,9 #BB EX]CIS+ XS FUNC;N & AU?OR;Y1 A#I ,,BANA 3SID]S ! E6ECTS ( XS DECI.NS ON O!R EXI/+ BRL CODES & =MATS1 ! EASE ( PRODUC;N BY V>I\S ME?ODS1 & A3EPTABIL;Y TO R1D]S4 ,! BO>D ( ,,BANA & ALL ( XS COMMITTEES >E MADE UP ( $UCATORS1 TRANSCRIB]S1 BRL PRODUC]S1 & BRL R1D]S4 ,M ?AN #AJJ P >E 9VOLV$ 9 ,,BANA'S "W4 ,Z LANGUAGE *ANGES1 ! NE$ = NEW WAYS TO REPRES5T ?+S 9 BRL 3T9UES TO RAISE ! NE$ = NEW SYMBOLS & NEW USES ( CURR5T SYMBOLS4 ,BRL R1D]S NE$ A3ESS TO ! SAME 9=MA;N Z D _! PR9T-R1D+ C.T]"PS 9 ? AGE 9 : ! NORMS = PR9T$ MAT]IAL >E EVOLV+ RAPIDLY4 ,DESPITE ! NE$ TO RESPOND TO ! *ANGES 9 LANGUAGE1 MAK+ *ANGES 9 BRL IS N EASY4 ,,BANA M/ DELIB]ATE V C>E;LLY 2F MAK+ EV5 SMALL *ANGES TO BRL4 ,X IS ESS5TIAL T ,,BANA 3SID] ! IMPACT ( ANY *ANGES ON R1DABIL;Y1 8WRIT1BIL;Y0 "I\S TOOLS">1 COMPUTABIL;Y "<: REF]S TO H[ A3URATELY X C 2 TRANSLAT$ & REPRES5T$ #BC ELECTRONICALLY">1 SPACE 3SID]A;NS1 B#I FAMILI>;Y TO CURR5T BRL R1D]S1 & S ON4 ,"! >E _M GOALS TO BAL.E1 & N ALL ( !M C 2 A*IEV$ E6ECTIVELY ALL ( ! "T4 ,! B5EFITS ( MAK+ ANY *ANGE M/ 2 %[N TO \TWEI< ! DRAWBACKS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 :5 ! T]M & ICON = ! EURO 7 ADOPT$ 9 ,EUROPE 9 #AIIE1 A BRL SYMBOL _H TO 2 9V5T$ TO REPRES5T T NEW PR9T SYMBOL4 ,9 #BJJG1 ,,BANA ADOPT$ NEW SYMBOLS = COPY"R & TRADEM>K2 2F T1 ! PRACTICE _H BE5 TO SPELL \ ! ^W1 EV5 ?\< A PR9T SYMBOL 0 US$ 9 ! ORIG9AL TEXT4 ,,BANA _C IGNORE ! *ANG+ 3V5;NS ( PR9T )\T PUTT+ BRL R1D]S AT A SIGNIFICANT 4ADVANTAGE4 ,! CURR5T PROCESS ( 8KEEP+ UP0 HAS BE5 TO ADD NEW SYMBOLS Z !Y COME UP1 B ) EA* NEW SYMBOL & EA* NEW RULE *ANGE1 M -------------------------------------#AJ AMBIGU;Y & M 3FLICT >E 2+ CR1T$ 9 BRL4 ,AN EXAMPLE ( ? IS GIV5 LAT] 9 ? >TICLE4 ,! FOLL[+ CASE PROVIDES A LOOK 9TO ! "W+S ( "O ( ! ,,BANA TE*NICAL COMMITTEES & ! PROCESS "? : DECI.NS >E WEI<$ & MADE4 ,EA* TE*NICAL COMMITTEE ( #BD ,,BANA "WS ON V>I\S 8*>GES0 A#AJ REG>D+ *ANGES & CL>IFICA;NS TO A "PICUL> BRL CODE4 ,! COMMITTEES "W VIA ;E-MAIL & TELECONF];ES1 & PROVIDE WRITT5 REPORTS ( _! PROGRESS TO ! ,,BANA ,BO>D = EA* ( XS SEMI-ANNUAL MEET+S4 ,! ,LIT]>Y ,BRL ,TE*NICAL ,COMMITTEE 0 "W+ ON ! SEEM+LY SIMPLE TASK ( DECID+ H[ TO %[ "PIAL EMPHASIS ( A ^W4 ,"PIALLY EMPHASIZ$ ^WS,-T IS1 US+ 9DICATORS TO ID5TIFY BOLD OR COLOR$ PR9T OR O!R FONT *ANGES,->E APPE>+ ) 9CR1S+ FREQU5CY 9 ELE;T>Y S*OOL TEXTBOOKS1 Z WELL Z 9 O!R MAT]IALS T 9CLUDE *ALL5G+ TEXT S* Z PRODUCT BR& "NS1 M5;N$ LAT] 9 ? >TICLE4 ,! COMMITTEE'S REPORT TO ! ,BO>D 9 ! FALL ( #BJJF 9CLUD$ ! FOLL[+ 9=MAL N>RATIVE Z AN ILLU/RA;N ( ! PROCESS BY : ! COMMITTEE MEMB]S APPROA*$ ? TASK4 ,R1D AL;G & FOLL[ _! ?9K+ Z !Y ATTEMPT TO SOLVE ? ISSUE3 _4 ,F/3 ,WE DECIDE1 FOLL[+ \R PR9CIPLES1 N TO ADD A HYPH5 TO SIGNAL ! TRANSI;N 2T REGUL> #BE PR9T & ITALIC OR FULLY B#AJ CAPITALIZ$ PR9T1 GIV+ ! BRL R1D] M A3URATE 9=MA;N AB ! PR9T TEXT4 ,( C\RSE1 WE ALL WANT TO D T4 _4 ,SECOND3 ,WE DECIDE TO USE ! T]M9A;N 9DICATOR Z NEC TO 5D ITALICS OR ALL CAPS4 ,T LOOKS GD4 ,ALL IS GO+ WELL4 ,? IS GO+ TO 2 EASY6 _4 ,?IRD3 ,"S"O PO9TS \ T1 FOLL[+ ^! RULES1 AN ITALIC 9DICATOR CD COME 2F AN ;E1 ;N1 ;S1 ;D1 OR ;T1 CAUS+ 3FU.N 2T ! ITALICIZ$ LR & A 3TRAC;N4 _4 ,F\R?3 ,WE !N 3SID] ! LR SIGN TO FIX ! PROBLEM2 NO1 T WON'T "W4 ,X'S N CLE> TO ! R1D]4 _4 ,FIF?3 ,,OK1 WE'LL REQUIRE UNCONTRACT$ BRL 9 "PIALLY EMPHASIZ$ ^WS4 ,T'S 3SI/5T ) ! CURR5T .1,BRL .1,=MATS GUIDEL9ES4 _4 ,SIX?3 ,T WD SOLVE ! PROBLEM1 B H[ IS ! R1D] GO+ TO "K T ? IS UNCONTRACT$ BRL8 ,"S"TS A 3TRAC;N N US$ E>LY 9 ! ^W W 2 A TIP-(F4 ,MAYBE ! PROBLEM 3TRAC;N W 2 ! ONLY "O4 ,!N ! R1D] MAY H TO /OP TO ?9K A #BF M9UTE1 B1 IF R1SONABLY WELL C#AJ $UCAT$1 W PROBABLY 2 ABLE TO FIGURE X \4 ,X W 2 EV5 EASI] IF ! R1D] HAPP5S TO "K ! RULE AB USE ( UNCONTRACT$ BRL 9 ? 9/.E4 ,H[ (T5 W "O F9D ! ^W 8USES0 ) ! F9AL ;S 9 ITALICS8 ,I GUESS1 EV5 !N1 ! R1D] CD -------------------------------------#AA PROBABLY TELL :E!R 8USES0 OR 8USE.S0 7 9T5D$4 ,SI< 444 ,N A P]FECT FIX,-ESPECIALLY 9 TEXTBOOKS = *N 9 ELE;T>Y GRADES4 _4 ,:AT NUMB] >E WE ON N[8 ,WELL1 MAYBE ^? HYPH5S W]5'T S BAD AF ALL4 ,N[1 :Y 0 X WE WANT$ TO GET RID ( !M8 ,OH1 T'S "R1 TO GIVE ! BRL R1D] A3URATE 9=MA;N AB ! PR9T4 ,H[ AB MAK+ A SYMBOL M1N+ 8UNCONTRACT$ BRL COM+80 ,T WD SOLVE ! PROBLEM COMPLETELY6 ,W[6 ,LET'S D X6 _4 ,N[ :AT SYMBOL %D WE USE3 A4 ,D\BLE LR SIGN8 ,WE CD1 B !N WE'D H TO *ANGE ! NON-,LAT9 PASSAGE 9DICATOR4 ;B4 ,?REE LR SIGNS8 ,TOO L;G,-X W N"E FLY4 ;C4 ,LR SIGN FOLL[$ #BG BY DOTS #B-#C8 ,T'S K9D ( A#AA NICE1 B WE'LL H TO 2 SURE WE DON'T WANT TO USE ! LR SIGN = \-(-PLACE PUNCTUA;N4 ,T W TAKE A L;G "T4 _4 ,>E WE HAV+ FUN YET8 ,WE ?"\ ? WD 2 S EASY TO SOLVE6 ,CODE BUILD+ IS A M *ALL5G+ TASK ?AN X F/ APPE>S2 EV5 SIMPLE 8FIXES0 2COME COMPLICAT$ GIV5 ! COMPLEXITIES ( \R CURR5T CODES4 ,! LIT]>Y BRL CODE 0 N DESIGN$ TO 2 8EXT5SIBLE0,-T IS1 "! >E NO CLE> & SPECIFIC RULES = BUILD+ & *ANG+ SYMBOLS 9 A LOGICAL FA%ION4 ,"R N[1 E PROPOS$ *ANGE TO ! BRL CODE HAS TO 2 3SID]$ 9DIVIDUALLY 9 AN AD HOC FA%ION4 ,CURR5T ,*ALL5GES 9 ,TRANSCRIP;N1 ,TRANSLA;N1 & ,BACKTRANSLA;N ( ,BRL ,Z 4CUSS$ 9 ! F/ "P ( ? >TICLE1 BRL TRANSCRIB]S (T5 USE BRL TRANSLA;N S(TW>E TO MAKE _! "W M E6ICI5T4 ,BRL TRANSLA;N S(TW>E 3V]TS ! TEXT 9 AN ELECTRONIC DOCU;T 9TO "*S T C 2 EMBOSS$ 9 BRL ONTO PAP] OR T C 2 %[N ON A REFRE%ABLE #BH BRL 4PLAY4 ,! S(TW>E IS WRITT5 S B#AA T1 Z M* Z POSSIBLE1 X FOLL[S ! RULES = CORRECT USAGE & PLACE;T ( BRL 3TRAC;NS & SYMBOLS4 ,:ILE ? S(TW>E C (T5 D A V GD JOB ( 3V]T+ PR9T "*S 9TO BRL SYMBOLS1 "! >E / "S SITUA;NS 9 : A TRANSCRIB] M/ 9T]V5E 9 ORD] TO PRODUCE A3URATE & COMPREH5SIBLE BRL4 ,*>TS & TABLES1 DESCRIP;NS ( PICTURES1 & TRANSCRIP;N ( SPATIAL >I?METIC >E "S OBVI\S EXAMPLES4 ,H["E1 "! >E O!R 9/.ES T MAY 2 LESS OBVI\S4 ,CURR5TLY1 HUMAN 9T]V5;N IS (T5 REQUIR$ = S* DETAILS Z 5SUR+ CORRECT USE ( S+LE & D\BLE QUOTA;N M>KS1 PROP] 4PLAY+ ( ACRONYMS & WEB ADDRESSES1 H&L+ ( L;G PASSAGES WRITT5 9 ALL UPP]CASE LRS1 REMOV+ EXCESSIVE EMPHASIS 9DICA;N1 CORRECT USE ( DA%ES & HYPH5S1 TO "N ONLY A FEW4 ,! 9T]V5;N IS L>GELY REQUIR$ 2C ! WAY ^! ITEMS >E H&L$ 9 PR9T C V>Y GRTLY F DOCU;T TO DOCU;T1 & ! RULES = _! USE >E F> M RE/RICTIVE 9 BRL ?AN !Y >E 9 PR9T4 ,TRANSCRIB]S MAY NE$ TO FOLL[ ADDI;NAL /EPS TO *ANGE AN ELECTRONIC FILE 9TO #BI CORRECT BRL 9 O!R SITUA;NS Z WELL1 #AB S* Z *ANG+ DECORATIVE LRS 9TO TEXT 2C ! S(TW>E DOES N RECOGNIZE ^! IMAGES Z LRS4 ,A TRANSCRIB] C PRODUCE BRL T C 2 R1D EI ON PAP] OR ON A REFRE%ABLE BRL 4PLAY4 ,H["E1 Z BRL R1D]S GA9 GRT] A3ESS TO REFRE%ABLE BRL 4PLAYS1 ! M COMMON SC5>IO IS T !Y >E US+ ! 4PLAYS TO R1D DIRECTLY F ! SCRE5S ( COMPUT]S & MOBILE DEVICES1 & NO TRANSCRIB] IS 9VOLV$4 ,US+ ? 8ON-!-FLY0 TRANSLA;N )\T TRANSCRIB] 9T]V5;N1 ! TEXTS >E (T5 4PLAY$ 9CORRECTLY4 ,"H >E ?REE EXAMPLES3 ,EXAMPLE #A4 ,AC TO CURR5T CODES1 ;E-MAIL ADDRESSES %D 2 BRLD 9 ,COMPUT] ,BRL ,CODE S T EA* "* 9 ! ADDRESS IS CLE> TO ! R1D]4 ,YET1 :5 R1D+ 9 3TRACT$ REFRE%ABLE BRL F A COMPUT] SCRE51 AN ;E-MAIL ADDRESS W 4PLAY 9 3TRACT$ LIT]>Y BRL1 MAK+ ! "*S AMBIGU\S4 ,! US] C TAKE /EPS TO VIEW ! ADDRESS ) NO TRANSLA;N APPLI$1 B !N ! SURR.D+ TEXT IS AL 4PLAY$ 9 UNCOD$ "*S4 ,SPECIAL SYMBOLS (T5 4PLAY #CJ 9CORRECTLY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 BO? ! A#AB TILDE & ! C>ET 4PLAY Z DOTS #D-#E4 ,! "UL9E "* 4PLAYS Z DOTS #D-#F1 NO MATT] ": X IS1 CR1T+ 3FU.N ) ! PR9T 8DOT0 T APPE>S 9 VIRTUALLY E ELECTRONIC ADDRESS4 ,^! AMBIGUITIES C MAKE = G>BL$ TRANSLA;NS & 9CORRECT 9=MA;N TO ! R1D]4 ,EXAMPLE #B4 ,"! IS (T5 A GRT D1L ( 3FU.N AM;G S+LE QUOTA;N M>KS1 APO/ROPHES1 & A35T M>KS4 ,2C ( ! V>I\S WAYS ^! SYMBOLS >E US$ 9 PR9T1 "S"TS 9N] QUOTA;N M>KS 4PLAY 9 REFRE%ABLE BRL Z APO/ROPHES "1 & "S"TS A M>K T IS 9T5D$ Z AN APO/ROPHE OR A35T M>K IS %[N Z AN OP5+ 9N] QUOTA;N M>K "4 ,EXAMPLE #C4 ,:5 ! S5T;E 8,H;5#B,O "7 WAT]0 IS 4PLAY$ 9 REFRE%ABLE BRL1 ! FACT T ! #B IS SUBSCRIPT$ IS USUALLY IGNOR$1 & ! EQUALS SIGN MAY 4PLAY Z A FULL CELL4 ,IF1 Z 9 ? EXAMPLE1 X IS SPAC$ AWAY F ! =MULA1 ! S5T;E R1DS 9/1D Z 8,H#B,O = WAT]40 ,:AT'S M1 ! WAY ^! SITUA;NS >E H&L$ V>IES DEP5D+ ^U ! SCRE5 R1D] OR TRANSLA;N PROGRAM 2+ US$2 = 9/.E1 #CA "S PROGRAMS SIMPLY 4PLAY ! "7 B#AB SIGN Z ! ^W 8EQUALS0 9/1D ( ! SYMBOL4 ,"!=E ! BRL R1D] IS N GETT+ ! SAME 9=MA;N Z ! PR9T R1D] ( ? TEXT4 ,*ANG+ PR9T 3V5;NS FUR!R COMPLICATE ! JOB ( A3URATE BRL TRANSLA;N4 ,"! >E SITUA;NS 9 : X IS UNCLE> H[ TO BRL "S?+ CORRECTLY AT ALL AC TO ! CURR5T ,,BANA CODES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A DOLL> SIGN MO/ (T5 COMES AT ! 2G9N+ ( A /R+ ( NUMB]S1 & ! BRL SYMBOL = ! DOLL> SIGN 9 ! LIT]>Y CODE " SEEMS TO H BE5 *OS5 ) ! ASSUMP;N T ? WD ALW 2 ! -------------------------------------#AC CASE4 ,UNLIKE ! PR9T DOLL> SIGN1 ! BRL SYMBOL IS DEP5D5T ^U XS PLACE;T = XS M1N+2 9 O!R 3TEXTS1 DOTS #B-#E-#F HAS NUM]\S POSSIBLE M1N+S4 ,H[1 !N1 %D WE H&LE ! "N ( ! POP MUSIC S5SA;N T IS PRON\NC$ 8,KE%A10 B :O USES A DOLL> SIGN 9/1D ( AN ;,S 9 ! MIDDLE ( H] "N8 ,AC TO ! LIT]>Y BRL CODE1 AN \-(-PLACE DOLL> SIGN %D 2 BRLD Z DOT-#D1 #B-#E-#F1 T IS1 DOT-#D DOLL> SIGN4 ,? SEEMS #CB TO "W :5 ! DOLL> SIGN IS BY XF OR A#AC :5 X FOLL[S A NUMB] OR IS 9 A 3TEXT T REF]S TO CURR5CY4 ,S9CE ! DOT #D AL C /& = "S K9D ( A35T OR LR MODIFICA;N & IS AL US$ Z A 8PR9T SYMBOL 9DICATOR10 ! BRL R1D] MI;Y1 %D ! "N ,KE@SHA SIMPLY 2 BRLD ) AN ;S 9/1D ( A DOLL> SIGN8 ,T SOLU;N MI Z 8R1DABIL;Y10 B X DOES N PROVIDE ! BRL R1D] ! SAME 9=MA;N T ! PR9T R1D] HAS4 ,A TRANSCRIB] 5C.T]+ ? "N MAY SPELL X ,KE%A1 B 9CLUDE A TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE 9DICAT+ T ! ;S IS %[N Z A DOLL> SIGN 9 PR9T4 ,( C\RSE1 ? SOLU;N IS CLE>1 B X REQUIRES ! 9VOLVE;T ( A TRANSCRIB] R ?AN ! "N AUTOMATICALLY & CORRECTLY 4PLAY+ ON A BRL DEVICE4 8,B "! IS AN EASY FIX10 ! A/UTE BRL R1D] MAY SAY4 8,"! IS A P]FECTLY GD SYMBOL = ! DOLL> SIGN 9 ! MA? CODE,-,,BANA %D J USE T 9 ! LIT]>Y CODE1 TOO60 ,! DOT-#D ;S MAY "W 2C X IS UNAMBIGU\S1 & IS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! #CC %APE ( ! PR9T DOLL> SIGN4 ,H["E1 B#AC A *ANGE ( ! LIT]>Y DOLL> SIGN TO ! "O US$ 9 ! ,NEME? ,CODE WD REQUIRE USE ( DI6]5T RULES F ^? T APPLY 9 ! ,NEME? CODE4 ,9 ! LIT]>Y CODE1 A NUMB] SIGN IS REQUIR$ AF ! CURR5CY SYMBOL IF X PREC$ES NUMB]S & ! NUMB]S >E 9 ! TOP ( ! CELL4 ,H["E1 9 ,NEME? CODE1 "! WD 2 NO NUMB] SIGN FOLL[+ ! DOLL> SIGN & ! NUMB]S >E BRLD 9 ! L[] "P ( ! CELL4 ,EV5 ) ? APPROA*1 3SI/5CY / HAS N BE5 E/ABLI%$4 ,! EXAMPLE ABV ( ! \-(-PLACE DOLL> SIGN IS N AN ISOLAT$ 9/.E4 ,"! >E C.T.S O!R EXAMPLES ( ^WS WRITT5 9 WAYS T MAKE X DI6ICULT TO APPLY "S ( ! 3TEXT-BAS$ BRL RULES DEVELOP$ _M DECADES AGO4 ,= EXAMPLE1 BR& & COMPANY "NS1 S* Z ! SPORTS /ORE ,FAN,NA;N & ! ONL9E S]VICE ,BOOK%>E4ORG USE CR1TIVE PUNCTUA;N & CAPITALIZA;N TO MAKE _! "NS /& \1 B AL MAKE AN EXACT REPRES5TA;N 9 BRL M COMPLEX4 ,IF A COMPANY USES NON/&>D SYMBOLS 9 XS "N & A BL P]SON MISSPELLS ! COMPANY "N ON A COV] LR = A JOB APPLICA;N 2C %E DID N GET A3URATE #CD 9=MA;N F ! BRL1 :AT >E ! *.ES T C#AC P]SON W GET ! JOB8 ,%D %E H TO *ECK ! SPELL+ US+ AUDIO OR RELY+ ON A SIY LIT]ACY TOOL = P :O >E BL1 2 CAPABLE ( GIV+ ! MO/ A3URATE 9=MA;N8 -------------------------------------#AD ,ASIDE F ! DI6ICULTIES 9 LIT]>Y 3TEXTS1 X IS 2COM+ 9CR1S+LY PROBLEMATIC T A COMPLETELY DI6]5T CODE IS US$ = MA!MATICAL & TE*NICAL MAT]IALS4 ,^! MAT]IALS CURR5TLY D N TRANSLATE CORRECTLY ) ! USE ( S(TW>E T DOES N 9CLUDE TRANSCRIB] 9T]V5;N4 ,! NE$ = A SOLU;N TO ? 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GRT] IS ! 9ABIL;Y ( ! CURR5T BRL CODES TO D T JOB4 ,3CLU.N TO ,"P #B ,X IS1 )\T "Q1 DESIRABLE = US]S TO H 9DEP5D5T A3ESS TO BRL MAT]IALS4 ,! PROLIF]A;N ( BRL TRANSLA;N S(TW>E1 ( BRL EMBOSS]S1 #CG & ( REFRE%ABLE BRL 4PLAYS HAS GIV5 #AE BRL R1D]S M A3ESS TO BRL F M S\RCES ?AN "E 2F4 ,) ? GRT] A3ESS HAS COME ! NE$ TO 3SID] MULTIPLE FACTORS 9 ! DEVELOP;T ( NEW RULES & SYMBOLS = BRL4 ,9 ORD] TO MEET ! NE$S ( TD1 : >E DI6]5T F PA/ DECADES1 BRL NE$S "S SY/EMATIC *ANGES T W ALL[ = ! FOLL[+3 _4 ROOM )9 ! CODE TO ADD NEW SYMBOLS 9 A SY/EMATIC WAY S T A BRL R1D] HAS A3ESS TO ! SAME 9=MA;N Z A PR9T R1D] _4 3SI/5CY ( SYMBOLS S T CORRECT BRL W 2 %[N :5 R1D+ A COMPUT] OR MOBILE DEVICE SCRE5 US+ BRL _4 ABIL;Y = BACKTRANSLA;N TO "W M RELIABLY _4 ABIL;Y TO GET BETT] 8ON-!-FLY0 BRL = MA!MATICAL_/TE*NICAL MAT]IAL1 : IS 9CR1S+LY APPE>+ 9 "EY"D 3TEXTS ,X IS CLE> T ,,BANA _C 3T9UE TO ADJU/ ! CODES ON A SYMBOL BY SYMBOL BASIS4 ,\R COMMUN;Y NE$S A FLEXIBLE CODE T C GR[ ) ! ,5GLI% LANGUAGE & ! *ANG+ WAYS X #CH IS REPRES5T$ 9 PR9T4 ,BRL NE$S TO A#AE TRANSLATE 9TO & F PR9T ) COMPLETE A3URACY4 ,TO KEEP UP ) GR[+ DEM&S1 BRL NE$S TO 2 PRODUC$ M QKLY & ) LESS HUMAN 9T]V5;N ?AN IS CURR5TLY REQUIR$4 ,,BANA IS 3SID]+ SOLU;NS T W P]MIT ?4 ,! ?IRD 9/ALL;T ( ? ?REE-"P >TICLE W \TL9E ^! POT5TIAL SOLU;NS4 -------------------------------------#AF ,"P #C ,! ,*ALL5GES ,AH1D ,PREVI\S 9/ALL;TS ( ? >TICLE TRAC$ ! *ANGES 9 BRL & PR9T PRODUC;N ME?ODS OV] ! PA/ DECADES & 4CUSS$ "S ( ! *ALL5GES CAUS$ BY ! 9T]AC;N ( CURR5T CODES ) CURR5T PRODUC;N ME?ODS4 ,? F9AL SEC;N 4CUSSES ! HI/ORY ( EF=TS TO RESOLVE ^! ISSUES & BRIEFLY \TL9ES POSSIBLE SOLU;NS4 ,) ! PROLIF]A;N ( BETT] & M E6ICI5T TE*NOLOGY1 ! RELEV.E ( BRL Z A R1D+ & WRIT+ M$IUM IS FREQU5TLY "Q$4 ,TE*NOLOGY HAS MADE X EASI] ?AN "E = P :O >E #CI BL TO A3ESS A WIDE V>IETY ( A#AF TEXTS1 TO CR1TE PR9T DOCU;TS1 & TO 2 M PRODUCTIVE AT "W & HOME4 ,"S P REPORT T !Y C R1D FA/] ) SPEE* ?AN ) BRL,-& !Y PROBABLY C4 ,B >E ^? SAME P 3T9U+ TO USE BRL8 ,H ! WAYS BRL R1D]S USE BRL 9 _! DAILY LIVES *ANG$ S DRAMATICALLY T X %D IMPACT ! DEVELOP;T ( BRL CODES8 ,! ANSW] TO BO? "QS IS A RES.D+ YES4 ,:ILE ! WAYS P >E US+ BRL H *ANG$ OV] ! YE>S1 BRL REMA9S A VIABLE & CRUCIALLY IMPORTANT M$IUM = COMMUNICA;N4 ,SPEE* A3ESS ALL[S = QK SKIMM+ ( 9=MA;N1 B BRL GIVES A3ESS TO TEXT 9 A MANN] T ALL[S ! R1D] TO R1D 9DEP5D5TLY & TO SEE ! SPELL+ ( ^WS1 ! =MAT ( DOCU;TS1 & ! SYMBOLS US$4 ,= ^! R1SONS1 X'S IMP]ATIVE T ! CODES >E KEPT UP TO DATE S BRL US]S C R1D & WRITE A3URATELY4 ,= _M YE>S1 ,,BANA HAS 3T9U$ TO MAKE SMALL *ANGES TO ! BRL CODE ": ABSOLUTELY NEC4 ,\ ( 3SID]A;N = ! IMPACT ON BRL R1D]S1 T1*]S1 & TRANSCRIB]S1 ,,BANA HAS ACT$ 3S]VATIVELY 9 MAK+ *ANGES4 ,H["E1 ! 8SMALL FIXES0 MADE OV] ! YE>S H1 9 #DJ "S CASES1 9CR1S$ ! COMPLEX;Y & B#AF AMBIGU;Y ( ! BRL CODE4 ,AN EXAMPLE ( H[ AN EF=T TO MAKE A SEEM+LY SIMPLE *ANGE TO ! CODE L$ TO BI7] COMPLICA;NS 0 ILLU/RAT$ 9 ! SECOND 9/ALL;T ( ? >TICLE4 ,TO RESOLVE _M ( ! %ORTCOM+S ( ! CURR5T BRL CODE \TL9$ 9 ! PREVI\S 9/ALL;TS1 S]I\S EF=TS AT CODE RE/RUCTUR+ H TAK5 PLACE 9 ! PA/ TWO DECADES4 ,A M COMPREH5SIVE APPROA* 0 NE$$ TO CR1TE FLEXIBLE SOLU;NS = ! *ANG+ NE$S ( BRL US]S4 ,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL ,! F/ ( ^! EF=TS 0 ! ,UNIFI$ ,5GLI% ,BRL "<,,UEB"> CODE PROJECT1 : 0 9ITIAT$ 9 #AIIB BY ! ,BRL ,AU?OR;Y ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA "<,,BANA">4 ,! IMPETUS = ? EF=T 0 A MEMOR&UM S5T TO ! ,,BANA ,BO>D 9 ,JANU>Y1 #AIIA1 BY ,ABRAHAM ,NEME? & ,TIM ,CRANM]4 ,9 ? MEMO1 ,DRS4 ,NEME? & ,CRANM] EXPRESS$ _! 3C]N OV] ! 8PROLIF]A;N ( BRL CODES0 ) DI6]5T SYMBOLS = COMMON "*S4 ,!Y /AT$3 8,= A L;G "T N[1 ! #DA BL;S COMMUN;Y HAS BE5 EXP]I5C+ A #AG /1DY ]O.N 9 BRL USAGE1 BO? AM;G *N & ADULTS4 ,? TR5D %[S NO SIGN ( ABATE;T1 S T "! IS N[ A CLE> & PRES5T DANG] T BRL W 2COME A SECOND>Y M1NS ( WRITT5 COMMUNICA;N AM;G ! BL1 OR T X W 2COME OBSOLETE ALT40 ,LAT] 9 _! MEMO1 !Y CIT$ 8! COMPLEX;Y & 4>RAY0 ( ! BRL CODES !N 9 USE1 & !Y ASK$ ,,BANA TO GIVE ! BRL CODE A MAJOR OV]HAUL TO IMPROVE XS USABIL;Y & FLEXIBIL;Y4 ,!Y /AT$ CLE>LY3 8,X IS "T TO MOD]NIZE ! BRL SY/EM40 ,BAS$ ON ! RECOMM5DA;NS 9 ? MEMO1 ,,BANA E/ABLI%$ A COMMITTEE TO EXPLORE ! DEVELOP;T ( A UNIFI$ CODE4 ,! ORIG9AL 9T5T ( ! UNIFI$ CODE PROJECT 0 TO EXPLORE ! POSSIBIL;Y ( BR++ TGR ?REE ( ! (FICIAL BRL CODES T >E US$ = V>I\S PURPOSES3 ,5GLI% ,BRL1 ,AM]ICAN ,$I;N "Y MAT]IAL">1 ,NEME? ,CODE "1 & ,COMPUT] ,BRL ,CODE "4 ,9 #AIIC1 ! PROJECT 0 ADOPT$ BY ! FULL ,9T]NA;NAL ,C\NCIL ON ,5GLI% ,BRL "<,,ICEB">4 ,! PROJECT 0 EXP&$ 9 #DB SCOPE TO EXPLORE ! POSSIBLE A#AG UNIFICA;N ( ! BRL CODES T >E US$ = ^? PURPOSES 9 ALL SEV5 ,,ICEB MEMB] C.TRIES3 ,AU/RALIA1 ,CANADA1 ,NEW ,Z1L&1 ,NIG]IA1 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM1 & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,"W TO DEVELOP A UNIFI$ CODE 0 3DUCT$ PRIM>ILY BY BRL R1D]S 9 ^? C.TRIES ) 9PUT F TRANSCRIB]S & $UCATORS4 ,AT ! "T ! PROJECT 2GAN1 ! BRL CODES US$ = ,5GLI% LIT]>Y PURPOSES 7 SIMIL>1 ?\< N ID5TICAL1 9 MO/ ,5GLI%-SP1K+ C.TRIES4 ,2C ( ?1 SUB/ANTIAL PRES]VA;N ( T CODE 0 "O ( ! BASIC GOALS 9 ! DEVELOP;T ( ,,UEB4 ,H["E1 ! CODES US$ = TE*NICAL PURPOSES 9 ! O!R ,,ICEB C.TRIES 7 V DI6]5T F ^? US$ 9 ! ,,BANA C.TRIES1 S T ,,UEB C 2 REG>D$ Z BR++ TGR ! BRL CODES US$ 9 DI6]5T C.TRIES Z WELL Z ^? US$ = DI6]5T K9DS ( NOTA;N4 ,! ONLY NOTA;N SPECIFICALLY EXEMPT$ F 3SID]A;N "U ! ,,UEB PROJECT 0 ! MUSIC BRL CODE1 : 0 ALR & / IS A WELL-A3EPT$ 9T]NA;NAL CODE4 ,9 ! 9ITIAL /AGES ( ,,UEB DEVELOP;T1 "O ( ! MO/ PRESS+ ISSUES TO 2 #DC DECID$ 0 ! PLACE;T ( NUMB]S4 ,9 ! B#AG ,U4,S41 NUMB]S 9 ! LIT]>Y CODE 7 WRITT5 US+ ! F\R DOTS 9 ! UPP] POR;N ( ! CELL :ILE 9 MA? & SCI;E1 NUMB]S 7 WRITT5 9 ! L[] POR;N ( ! CELL4 ,= A 3SI/5T CODE1 "O ME?OD = WRIT+ NUMB]S _H TO 2 *OS51 US+ EI ! UPP] OR L[] "P ( ! CELL4 ,9 ADDI;N TO ^! TWO POSSIBILITIES1 A ?IRD WAY ( WRIT+ NUMB]S 0 3SID]$4 ,CALL$ 8DOT #F0 OR 8,ANTO9E0 NUMB]S1 ? SY/EM =MS NUMB]S BY US+ ! SAME DOTS Z UPP]-CELL NUMB]S ) DOT #F ADD$4 ,9 ? SY/EM1 #A IS DOTS #A-#F1 #B IS DOTS #A-#B-#F1 & S ON4 ,! Z]O DE"PS F ? PATT]N4 ,DOT #F NUMB]S >E / WIDELY US$ 9 ,FR.E1 ,G]_M1 & O!R ,EUROP1N C.TRIES4 -------------------------------------#AH ,TO DECIDE : SY/EM ( NUMB]S %D 2 US$1 ! COMMITTEES1 BO? 9 ! ,U4,S4 & 9T]NA;NALLY1 LOOK$ AT ! RAMIFICA;NS ( US+ UPP] NUMB]S1 L[] NUMB]S1 OR ! DOT #F NUMB]S4 ,US+ L[] NUMB]S WD M1N *ANG+ ALL ( ! PUNCTUA;N SIGNS OR HAV+ A SPECIAL MODE = NUMB]S4 ,! NUMB] SIGN WD / H BE5 NE$$ 9 MO/ CASES 2C NUMB]S /&+ #DD AL"O CD EASILY 2 MISR1D4 ,USE ( A#AH ,ANTO9E NUMB]S WD M1N LOS+ T5 FREQU5TLY-US$ 3TRAC;NS1 & _M P REPORT$ T !Y 7 SL[] TO R1D4 ,UPP] NUMB]S _H ! ADVANTAGE ( 2+ FAMILI> TO "EY"O & N 3FLICT+ ) PUNCTUA;N4 ,9 AN ANALYSIS 3DUCT$ US+ LIT]ATURE T 3TA9$ FREQU5T NUMB]S1 S* Z MA? & ECONOMICS TEXTBOOKS1 NUMB]S 7 F.D TO COME 9 3TACT M FREQU5TLY ) PUNCTUA;N ?AN ) LRS4 ,AF 9T5SE DEBATE1 ! FAMILI>;Y ( ! /&>D UPP] NUMB] SY/EM ) XS ADVANTAGE ( KEEP+ CURR5T PUNCTUA;N 0 JUDG$ TO 2 M IMPORTANT & SUITABLE1 ESPECIALLY = ! G5]AL R1D]4 ,BAS$ ON ? RA;NALE1 ! UPP] NUMB] SY/EM 0 SELECT$ = ALL PURPOSES )9 ,,UEB4 ,A FULL 4CUS.N ( ALL "*I/ICS ( ANY CODE WD 2 2Y ! SCOPE ( ? >TICLE4 ,H["E1 ! PRIM>Y *ANGES 9 ,,UEB F ! CURR5T LIT]>Y CODE US$ 9 ! ,U4,S4 >E3 #A4 ,SPAC+3 ,^WS T >E CURR5TLY WRITT5 TGR S* Z 8& !0 M/ H A SPACE 2T !M Z !Y D 9 PR9T4 #B4 ,LESS AMBIGU;Y3 ,N9E 3TRAC;NS #DE >E ELIM9AT$3 8ALLY10 8ATION10 B#AH 8BLE10 8BY10 8COM10 8DD10 89TO10 8O'CLOCK10 & 8TO0 2C ( TRANSLA;N DI6ICULTIES & 3FU.N ) O!R SYMBOLS4 #C4 ,PUNCTUA;N3 ,A FEW PUNCTUA;N M>KS >E DI6]5T "<= EXAMPLE1 P>5!SES >E TWO-CELL SEQU;ES ( DOTS #E1 #A-#B-#F & #E1 #C-#D-#E">4 ,? *ANGE FOLL[S A NEW SY/EMATIC PATT]N DEVELOP$ = CR1T+ SYMBOLS 9 ,,UEB4 ,9 ADDI;N1 SYMBOLS >E 9CLUD$ = DI6]5T TYPES ( BRACKETS1 QUOTA;N M>KS1 DA%ES1 & O!RS TO %[ ! BRL R1D] EXACTLY : SYMBOL IS US$ 9 ! ORIG9AL TEXT4 #D4 ,9DICATORS3 ,BOLD1 "UL9E1 & ITALICS EA* H _! [N 9DICATORS4 ,"! IS A ME?OD US+ ?REE CAPITAL SIGNS TO %[ A L;G PASSAGE ( UPP]CASE TEXT4 #E4 ,MA? SYMBOLS3 ,NUMB]S >E %[N 9 ! UPP] POR;N ( ! CELL Z !Y >E N[ 9 LIT]>Y BRL2 OP]A;NAL SYMBOLS S* Z PLUS & EQUALS1 : D N EXI/ 9 CURR5T LIT]>Y CODE1 H BE5 ADD$ & >E DI6]5T F ^? 9 ! ,NEME? CODE4 #DF ,9 #BJJD1 ! 9T]NA;NAL COMMUN;Y C#AH VOT$ T ,,UEB 0 SU6ICI5TLY COMPLETE TO 2 3SID]$ AN 9T]NA;NAL /&>D & = BRL AU?ORITIES ( 9DIVIDUAL C.TRIES TO VOTE ON XS ADOP;N = _! RESPECTIVE USE4 ,TO DATE1 ,,UEB HAS BE5 -------------------------------------#AI ADOPT$ 9 SIX ( ! SEV5 ,,ICEB C.TRIES1 9CLUD+ ,CANADA4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM VOT$ 9 FAVOR ( ,,UEB ADOP;N 9 ,OCTOB] #BJAA4 ,NEME? ,UNI=M ,BRL ,SY/EM ,! DECI.N TO WRITE NUMB]S 9 ! UPP] POR;N ( ! BRL CELL _H A MAJOR IMPACT ON ! TE*NICAL ASPECTS ( ! DEVELOP;T ( ,,UEB4 ,DR4 ,ABRAHAM ,NEME?1 ! DEVELOP] ( ! ,NEME? ,CODE = ,MA!MATICS & ,SCI;E ,NOTA;N1 REC5TLY COMPLET$ DEVELOP;T ( A CODE T USES L[] NUMB]S "?\T CALL$ ! ,NEME? ,UNI=M ,BRL ,SY/EM "<,,NUBS">4 ,L ,,UEB1 X IS AL DESIGN$ TO REPRES5T LIT]>Y1 MA?1 & COMPUT] 9=MA;N--COMB9+ ALL ?REE CODES 9TO "O UNIFI$ SY/EM4 ,:ILE ? SY/EM PROPOSES *ANGES TO #DG "S "PS ( ALL ?REE CODES1 X MAKES A#AI NO *ANGES TO CURR5T LIT]>Y BRL 3TRAC;NS4 ,! PRIM>Y *ANGES F ! PRES5T LIT]>Y BRL CODE WD BE3 #A4 ,NUM]ALS3 ,NUMB]S 9 ALL 3TEXTS O3UPY ! L[] "P ( ! CELL2 ^! >E REF]R$ TO Z 8DROPP$ NUMB]S40 #B4 ,USE ( MODES3 ,"! >E TWO MODES,-N>RATIVE1 = NORMAL LIT]>Y MAT]IAL1 & NOTA;NAL1 = NUM]IC & TE*NICAL MAT]IAL4 ,NOTA;NAL MODE IS 9VOK$ ) ! NUMB] SIGN " OR BY ! 82G9 NOTA;NAL MODE 9DICATOR0 "4 ,NOTA;NAL MODE IS T]M9AT$ BY A DA% OR A SPACE :5 ! SPACE IS N )9 A /R+ ( NUMB]S OR A MA!MATICAL EXPRES.N4 ,NOTA;NAL MODE C AL 2 T]M9AT$ BY A HYPH5 OR A SLA%1 & :5 ^! "*S >E N FOLL[$ BY A SPACE1 !Y >E PREC$$ BY A DOT #E4 ,3TRAC;NS >E N ALL[$ 9 NOTA;NAL MODE4 #C4 ,PUNCTUA;N3 ,PROPOS$ *ANGES 9 PUNCTUA;N 9CLUDE NEW SYMBOLS = #DH P>5!SES1 BRACKETS1 QUOTA;N B#AI M>KS1 & ! DA%4 ,2C ! ,,NUBS SYMBOLS = P>5!SES " CD 2 3FUS$ ) ! ^WS 8(0 & 8)10 A PUNCTUA;N 9DICATOR " M/ PREC$E EA* P>5!SIS :5 US$ 9 N>RATIVE MODE4 ,! SEMICOLON1 EXCLAMA;N PO9T1 & "Q M>K REMA9 UN*ANG$1 B REQUIRE A PUNCTUA;N 9DICATOR 9 NOTA;NAL MODE TO 4T+UI% !M F DIGITS4 ,! P]IOD1 ! COMMA1 & ! 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